Clinical studies have shown that cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-addictive component of cannabis, has analgesic and anxiolytic effects. It interacts with the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT) and has an impact on neuropathic pain models. CBD suppresses cytokine-induced degradation of tryptophan, allowing it to increase tryptophan levels in unstimulated brain areas. This leads to an increase in serotonin levels.
Jose Alexandre Crippa and his colleagues at the University of São Paulo in Brazil and King's College London have conducted research on CBD and the neural correlates of anxiety. At high concentrations, CBD activates the serotonin receptor 5-HT1A (hydroxytryptamine), which has an anxiolytic effect. This G-coupled protein receptor is involved in a variety of biological and neurological processes, including anxiety, addiction, appetite, sleep, pain perception, nausea, and vomiting. CBD also interacts with several receptors that are sensitive to many drugs and neurotransmitters.
CBD increases levels of anandamide in the brain. Anandamide helps regulate other chemicals in the brain, including dopamine and serotonin. Through this effect, it helps to increase the level of dopamine in the body. CBD also stimulates the adenosine receptor to promote the release of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitters.
Through its interaction with dopamine receptors, it helps to raise dopamine levels and to regulate cognition, motivation and reward-seeking behaviors.At BEYOND CBD, we base all our products on peer-reviewed studies, and that research extends to scientific mechanisms, the “HOW” and “WHY”. This article will explore how CBD affects and interacts with neurotransmitters in the brain. In this regard, CBD also showed opposite effects compared to THC at rest and several cognitive paradigms in healthy volunteers. Nine double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigated the acute effects of CBD on brain function in healthy volunteers.CBD cannabis did not significantly modulate activity compared to placebo or cannabis without CBD.
CBD and THC modulated the functional connectivity between these seeds and the clusters in the rest of the brain in the opposite direction (Bhattacharyya et al.). In contrast, CBD attenuated activity in the left upper temporal gyrus, the sula, the rear median temporal gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus.The Food and Drug Administration panel voted unanimously to approve a CBD drug used to treat epilepsy in children. First, since all the studies included in the current review examined the acute effects of CBD administration, future research should focus on long-term CBD treatment of patients with a psychiatric disorder, in combination with neuroimaging evaluations, in order to elucidate the substrates Neural factors underlying the therapeutic effects of CBD.A direct comparison of the effects of CBD and THC revealed a significant reduction in activity after THC in the middle and upper right temporal gyrus during speech processing. This raises the intriguing possibility that CBD's ability to influence opioid or dopamine receptors underlies its ability to reduce drug cravings and withdrawal symptoms, effects directly relevant to addiction treatment.Compared to placebo, CBD reduced subjective anxiety and blood flow in a group consisting of the left para-hippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, but improved blood flow in the right rear cinculate gyrus (Crippa et al.).
The anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects of CBD can be attributed in part to its inhibition of adenosine reuptake.Inhaling CBD-free cannabis compared to placebo caused a weak bilateral response to music in the auditory cortex, the right hippocampus, the right ventral striatum and the right amygdala. Some of the potential therapeutic applications associated with the interaction of CBD with each receptor system are listed below each receptor.Brain receptors are not only sensitive to neurotransmitters naturally produced in the brain such as dopamine or serotonin but also to chemical messengers produced outside of it such as plant cannabinoids like THC or CBD.
